Francis, Duke of Reichstadt, passed away on 22 July 1832. Had history taken a different course, the world might have remembered the event as the death of Napoleon II, Emperor of the French. He was the only legitimate son of Napoleon I Bonaparte, born in 1811 to his second wife, Marie Louise, the eldest daughter […]
Archduchess Maria Amalia and Ferdinand, heir to the Duchy of Parma, were married on 19 July 1769. The bride was the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa; the groom, a nephew of King Charles III of Spain. Their union formed part of the Empress’s broader policy to strengthen alliances with the Bourbons, who — besides ruling […]
Archduchess Isabella, the daughter of Philip the Handsome and Joanna of Castile, was born on 18 July 1501. Together with her sisters and her elder brother, the future Emperor Charles V, she was carefully raised and educated in the humanist spirit at the Brussels court by their aunt Margaret, Regent of the Austrian Netherlands. At […]
15 July marks two weddings between Habsburg archduchesses and Wittelsbach dukes of Bavaria, exactly fifty years apart. Both unions were intended to strengthen the alliance between the two houses against the French Bourbons. The marriage of Maria Anna, daughter of Emperor Ferdinand II, to her maternal uncle Maximilian I of Bavaria in 1635 was considered […]
Archduke Alexander died tragically on 12 July 1795. He was born in Florence as the fourth son of Leopold and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain, then Duke and Duchess of Tuscany. From an early age, he excelled in the sciences, particularly chemistry, although he was expected to pursue the more traditional path of a military […]
Emperor Ferdinand II was born on 9 July 1578. His father, Charles of Inner Austria, was the younger son of Emperor Ferdinand I, representing a cadet branch of the Habsburgs. The main line appeared safe and secure with Charles’s elder brother Maximilian and his sons, Rudolf and Matthias, who indeed succeeded one another on the […]
Archduchess Anna, daughter of Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia, was born on 7 July 1528. As a child, she was educated in music and languages. After long and complicated negotiations in which princes and princesses were moved like chess pieces, Anna married Albert, Duke of Bavaria, just a few days before her 18th birthday, […]
Archduchess Elisabeth, daughter of Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain, was born on 5 July 1554. Among her siblings were the future Emperors Rudolf II and Matthias, and the future Queen of Spain, Anna. She was close to her father, whom she resembled in appearance, character, and intellectual inclinations. At the age of sixteen, […]
Emperor Ferdinand III and his second wife Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol were married on 2 July 1648. Their union began under a good omen, as the devastating Thirty Years’ War had just come to an end. Ferdinand already had two healthy sons (including the future Emperor Leopold I) from his first marriage, and it was […]
Only three days after commemorating the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in Sarajevo, there is reason to return to them once again – this time to commemorate their wedding anniversary on 1 July 1900. The early days of their acquaintance remain shrouded in mystery, and it is not known exactly when their […]
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