The retired Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria passed away on 29 June 1875. After being deposed by a group of loyalist conspirators in favour of his nephew Francis Joseph during the revolution of 1848, Ferdinand withdrew into a long and comfortable retirement in the Bohemian countryside. On this occasion, let us break an unwritten rule […]
On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Duchess Sophie were assassinated in Sarajevo. The common belief that Franz Ferdinand became heir presumptive to the Imperial throne after the suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889 is not entirely accurate. In fact, following that tragedy, Emperor Franz Joseph’s brother, Archduke Karl Ludwig, was […]
Archduchess Maria Clementina and Francis, Hereditary Prince of Naples, were married on 26 June 1797. As was rather customary for the Habsburgs, they were first cousins — the daughter and son of Emperor Leopold II and his favourite sister, Maria Karolina, Queen of Naples, respectively. Their union formed part of a larger dynastic strategy between […]
Philip I of Castile was born on 22 June/July 1478. He was the only heir to the realms of both his parents – the future Emperor Maximilian I and Mary of Burgundy – and grew up in the Burgundian Netherlands, his mother’s homeland. His arranged marriage to Joanna of Castile, daughter of Isabella of Castile […]
Maria of Spain, the daughter of Charles V and Isabella of Portugal was born on 21 June 1528. She married her first cousin, Maximilian II. The couple spent their early married years in Spain, acting as regents during the frequent absences of Charles V and later Maria’s brother, King Philip II. They eventually settled in […]
Archduke Maximilian, later Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, was executed on 19 June 1867.After a brief term as Viceroy of Lombardy, Maximilian fell out of favour with his elder brother, Emperor Francis Joseph, and was left without any meaningful official role. In this classic position of a sidelined younger brother, he was approached by Mexican […]
Archduke Ferdinand II of Further Austria was born on 14 June 1529. The second son of Emperor Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia, he was well educated, considered handsome and good-natured, and entrusted with significant responsibilities in both government and military matters. Unlike his elder brother Maximilian, the future emperor, Ferdinand was his father’s clear […]
Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte of Bourbon, Madame Royale, and Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, were married on 10 June 1799. Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte was the eldest and only surviving child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. After the outbreak of the French Revolution, she shared the tragic fate of her family: the fall of the monarchy, years of humiliation in […]
Emperor Leopold I was born on 9 June 1640. Brilliantly educated and highly musical, he became emperor at the age of sixteen after the death of his father, Ferdinand III. During his reign, Vienna gained a reputation as a centre of Baroque art and music. From his third marriage to Eleonore Magdalena of Neuburg, Leopold […]
Princess Charlotte of Belgium, Empress of Mexico, was born on 7 June 1840. From an early age, she exhibited somewhat fanatical traits, holding herself to excessively high standards of moral conduct and personal dignity. She also developed an exceptional degree of class pride, rare even among the aristocracy. Like a princess from a fairy tale, […]
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