Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria was born in Vienna on 28 October 1692. At the time of his birth, although the first-born son and heir, he was just another royal baby with no particular significance beyond his father’s realm. Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria, did not concern himself much with either his wife or the […]
Anna, Queen of Spain, passed away on 26 October 1580. She was the daughter of Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain. As first cousins, her parents’ marriage had been intended to strengthen the ties between the Austrian and Spanish Habsburgs. So was Anna’s own marriage when she wed her maternal uncle, King Philip II […]
Isabel of Portugal was born on 24 October 1503. As the daughter of King Manuel of Portugal, she received a brilliant Humanist education in languages and mathematics. Being an intelligent, refined, and beautiful princess from Europe’s wealthiest kingdom made her the most desirable marriage candidate in the eyes of Catholic sovereigns. Nothing less than Emperor […]
Archduke Karl Ludwig and Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies were married on 21 October 1862. Karl Ludwig was the younger son of Emperor Francis II, the brother of Emperor Ferdinand, and the uncle of Emperor Francis Joseph. Maria Annunciata, ten years his junior, descended from Maria Theresa and Francis Stephen on both her father’s […]
Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte passed away on 19 October 1851. She was the only surviving child of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI. As a child, she endured her parents’ confinement and deposition, and the separation from her family during the revolutionary terror. She was the only one among all the royal prisoners to survive the Reign of Terror, […]
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, was executed on 16 October 1793. She was the youngest daughter of Maria Theresa and the sister of the Holy Roman Emperors Joseph II and Leopold II. As one of the most renowned historical figures recognised by a broad audience, every detail of her life and death has been repeatedly […]
Archduke Ferdinand and Maria Beatrice d’Este were married on 15 October 1771. She was the last descendant of several Italian dynasties. In some of their realms she was the legitimate heiress, but in the main principality, the Duchy of Modena, the Salic law excluded women from succession. Thus, an early agreement between the Houses of […]
Emperor Maximilian II passed away on 12 October 1576. He was the son of Emperor Ferdinand I and Anne of Bohemia. One of Maximilian’s main dilemmas throughout his life was his inner inclination towards Protestantism. For the heir of a strictly Catholic dynasty in the age of religious conflict, this was unsettling, to put it […]
Archduke Leopold V of Further Austria was born on 9 October 1586. Through his father, Charles II of Inner Austria, he was the grandson of Emperor Ferdinand I. Leopold’s mother, Maria Anna of Bavaria, was her husband’s niece. Their marriage produced two Queens of Poland, a Queen of Spain, and, of course, the future Emperor […]
Archduchess Maria Anna of Habsburg-Lorraine was born on 6 October 1738. She was the eldest surviving daughter of Maria Theresa and Francis Stephan. Two of her brothers, Joseph and Leopold, ascended the throne as Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. Probably the most renowned of her siblings was Maria Antonia — better known as Marie-Antoinette […]
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